Copernicus, Galileo and Hamlet :: Hamlet Copernicus

Copernicus, Galileo and Hamlet If imagination is the lifeblood of literature, then each new scientific advance which extends our scope of the universe is as fruitful to the poet as to the astronomer. External and environmental change stimulates internal and personal tropes for the poetic mind, and the new Copernican astronomy of the late 16th- and early 17th-centuries may have altered the literary composition of the era as much as any contemporaneous political shifts. Marjorie Nicolson, in "The Breaking of the Circle," argues that the heliocentric system greatly influenced the metaphysical poets, especially John Donne, as it necessarily mated the concept of a universal macrocosm with the preexisting notions of a personal microcosm and earthbound geocosm. Nicolson claims that the Elizabethans, Shakespeare included, failed to apply the new motion of heavenly bodies to their own bodies of work, and that their obsolete cosmology confers obsolescence upon their literary endeavors. I will argue that Hamlet, written in the aftermath of Copernicus's De Revolutionibus and Tycho Brahe's cosmological observations, not only follows many of Nicolson's tenets for the metaphysical poetry of the time, but stands as a central metaphor for the ambiguous period between Copernicus's initial theories and Galileo's visual proofs in Sidereus Nuncius. The conflict of Hamlet is the geocentric pitted against the heliocentric; Hamlet the "son/Sun" must revenge his Hyperion father's death by deposition of his traitorous and swinish uncle from the English throne, the center of the action and royally emblematized through the Sun. But the addition of the macrocosmic/heliocentric view to Hamlet's preexisting microcosmic†¹that is, self-centered or, to use a word that rings of etymological irony, solipsistic†¹obsessions does not make for a happy marriage; rather, the two spheres, representing externality and internality, stall Hamlet's geocentric development†¹earthly, physi cal action. Hamlet's legendary propensity to delay stems not from a mere excess of thought but from a divisive thought process that clouded Shakespeare's times: its fractured and debated cosmology. As Nicolson postulates, "'Correspondence' between macrocosm and microcosm, which man had accepted as basic to faith, was no longer valid in a new mechanical universe and mechanical world" (Nicolson, xxi). In Nicolson's eyes, King Lear reflects Shakespeare's preoccupation with the new cosmology more in astrological than astronomical terms: "Disruption in the heavens presaged disruption upon earth, the storms of the geocosm paralleled those in the microcosm, but our attention and Shakespeare's is centered on Lear, the man, rather than on the world and the universe" (Nicolson, 149).

How to Choose Your Topic Essay Essay

Good evening Ladies and Gentleman , my name is Adam Maljan. Before we proceed , I would like to ask all of you a simple question . Have any of you had any difficulties on choosing a topic when you are asked to present to an audience ? If your answer is yes , then Do Not Worry . Because you see i. Choosing a topic for a speech is no easy thing to do . Especially if you are a student preparing a speech for your subject . ii. I myself had a hard time in choosing a topic for a public speaking event when I was in my 2nd semester as a diploma student . It took me days just to find the right topic which everyone can understand and relate to easily. Today , I would like to talk to you about how to choose or at least narrow down your choices of topic using the simple criteria of Knowing your theme , Listing and narrowing Down and researching and gaining confidence. The first criteria in order to choose your topic is that you should know your theme. For example , the seminar you were invited to talk to is about Health . But Health, as we all know, is a general topic , there are multiple subtopics that you can relate to with health ,some are maintaining a healthy lifestyle , how to reduce the risk of heart disease, effects of obesity and many more . So if this situation happens to you . Please do not panic , because once you identify your theme or topic using the general topic given to you, you can now look at your audience and use them to determine your decision on which topic to present . For example, if your audience is mostly teenagers , then you can choose the topic on maintaining a healthy lifestyle topic , but if it is mostly senior citizens , then it is better for you to choose the topic on how to reduce the risk of heart disease. The same goes with women or children .

President John F Kennedy s Leadership And Learning

â€Å"Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other† President John F Kennedy. President Kennedy always understood the value of continuing to educate him-self to be a well-rounded leader; this is why he was well known as such a successful one. By now it is evident that effective leadership is a culmination of nature and nurture because â€Å"effective leaders are not born or made† (Lussier, 8). Researchers even estimate that â€Å"30 percent of leadership is heritable, whereas 70 percent is developed†(Lussier,8). While it is hard to define a leader because, â€Å"there is no universal definition of leadership because it is complex† and it is â€Å"studied in different ways that require different definitions† there are still a few characteristics most†¦show more content†¦Although this idea had begun to come to fruition during the Eisenhower administration, Kennedy continued to develop it yet failed miserably. This failure was mai nly because of unaccredited information provided to the Central Intelligence Agency, and a lack of air support for our troops on the ground. However though this failed attack resulted an epic disaster, Kennedy still accepted full responsibility for his short comings a trait which is rare amongst leaders of today. This was a major display of Kennedy’s â€Å"integrity† as a leader, or the â€Å"foundation for trustworthiness† (Lussier, 38). These personality traits are indicative of â€Å"conscientiousness,† the â€Å"second highest correlated leadership characteristic† (Lussier, 34). Despite his personal flaws, and deceitfulness on behalf of his marriage, he proved on multiple occasions he was honest and ethical businessman. Kennedy was enthusiastic, very charismatic, and was a clear and concise â€Å"communicator† (Lussier, 6). There was no question about hidden agendas, or true intentions. He relayed his message for the future with a simplicity that contained hope and vigor to energize the American people. This propelled him as a leader, because he was able to motivate, drive, and inspire others from the very beginning. He possessed the combination of â€Å"extraversion, and high energy, with determination† to have â€Å"the personality dimension of surgency† (Lussier, 36).Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of President John F. Kennedy s Short Term As President Of The United States1544 Words   |  7 PagesEssay- President John F. Kennedy MSgt Corey B. Kennedy Air Force Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy For two years and ten months, America had a visionary leader that inspired a generation to achieve things as a country once thought impossible. For two years and ten months, America had a president that used ethical leadership in decisions that impacted not just the United States, but the world as a whole, and left a lasting legacy. 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